What non-combustible materials are used for wall decoration?

Walls in rooms are decorated to protect them from damage and give them a beautiful appearance. The materials used for wall decoration should convey beauty and functionality.

The most important requirement for them is the ability to withstand high temperatures and fire. Non-flammable materials for wall decoration, which are widely used by builders, can solve the problem of fire safety of premises.

All materials come in three types: flammable, slow-burning and non-flammable. There is another category - low-flammable materials.

The degree of flammability is assessed according to the following parameters:

• Ease of ignition;
• Flame propagation speed;
• Ability to generate smoke;
• Toxicity of combustion products;
• The ability to maintain combustion in the absence of atmospheric oxygen.
• Factors affecting flammability

The main factor determining flammability is the feedstock used for their production.

Organic materials: wood, chipboard, fiberboard, plywood, paper, natural fabrics, etc. are flammable. For their fire protection, fire retardants are used to slow down the processes of ignition and combustion.

Fire retardants can be used to impregnate wood and fabrics. Fire retardants only reduce the risk of fire. Materials treated with fire retardants remain flammable. Sometimes they are called low-flammable or fire-retardant.

Non-combustible materials for wall decoration are produced on the basis of mineral components obtained artificially or naturally.

Types of non-combustible wall products

Non-combustible wall products include heat-resistant plasters and mortars intended for laying heat-resistant ceramic tiles:

• terracotta;
• majolica;
• clinker tiles;
• fireclay tiles.

There are many recipes for plaster and mortar for laying ceramics.

An example of a fireplace with a firebox and a closed glass door. The presence of glazed doors, on the one hand, protects the interior from contamination by combustion products, and on the other, allows you to admire the fire.

SKL products

SCL - calcium silicate sheet - environmentally friendly material. Does not contain harmful substances and carcinogens. Retains mechanical properties - strength and hardness when heated. Contains:

• paper pulp - 10%;
• quartz powder 45%;
• cement – ​​40%;
• additives that increase the mechanical properties of the material – 5%.

A decorative layer with ultraviolet painting is applied to the front side of the SC sheet. The levels of fire and moisture resistance allow the use of SCL both in the external and internal decoration of buildings. This material is good for finishing rooms with high humidity - household rooms, baths, bathrooms. The ability to resist fire allows the use of SCL for finishing the walls and ceilings of rooms near the hot surfaces of the stove and fireplace.

SML products

SML - glass-magnesium sheet - is a relatively new material that has strength, flexibility, moisture and heat resistance. It includes:

• magnesium oxide – 40%;
• magnesium chloride – 35%;
• fine wood shavings – 15%;
• extruded perlite – 5%;
• additives – 4%
• fiberglass – 1%.

LSU does not have a harmful effect on the human body, therefore it is used in interior decoration. High fire resistance up to 1000°C allows it to be used as fireproof panels for interior wall decoration near heating sources and open fire.

GKLO products

GKLO is a fire-resistant plasterboard sheet. According to GOST 32614-2012, developed jointly with the Knauf company, and put into effect on the territory of the Russian Federation in 2015, this material is designated by the letter F - “fire-resistant boards”. Its fire resistance must be at least 20 minutes when exposed to open flame.

The heat resistance of gypsum plasterboard is achieved by introducing special additives into gypsum that increase the resistance of the material to high temperatures and prevent smoke from occurring in a fire. To facilitate recognition, the surface of the gypsum board is painted light pink, and the markings are done in red. Knauf Fireboard - the most fire-resistant product from Knauf - has an additional reinforcing layer of fiberglass. Used as fire-resistant cladding for walls and ceilings.

SKL panels

The calcium silicate filler gives sheets of this type high strength and low weight. The material is environmentally friendly - during operation (including when heated) it does not emit toxic substances or unpleasant odors, since it does not contain asbestos and formaldehyde. The sheets tolerate humid microclimates well, as they contain gypsum or its derivatives.

The scope of application of calcium silicate sheets is extensive. They cover walls, ceilings and floors. The material is used equally effectively for both interior and exterior decoration. It is excellent for external facade work, finishing building plinths, constructing formwork and partitions, and fire-resistant roof screens.

Absolute protection from open fire and extreme temperatures allows the use of SCL panels in metal processing shops or high-temperature industries. They are great for cladding baths and saunas or finishing fireplaces.

The panels are flexible. The bending strength of SKL is 13.5 MPa. The noise reduction level is 44 decibels, which is enough to soundproof public institutions (bars, nightclubs, recording studios). The composition of calcium silicate panels includes several antiseptic components. Thanks to this, the cladding will not be susceptible to fungus or mold.

The panels are manufactured in several configurations with different fastening systems. Manufacturers' assortment includes many models that are suitable for installation yourself and do not require professional skills. Most of the products are made with a finished finishing layer and do not require further finishing.

What panels are there?

Classification

• Non-combustible panels include materials that are incapable of ignition when exposed to open fire, and also do not ignite from sparks, electric current, as a result of a chemical reaction or high temperature. They are included in table No. 1 according to GOST 30244-94 and have a flammability group of NG according to SNIP 21-01-97.
• There are also materials that are difficult to combust. They are capable of maintaining combustion if exposed to open fire. Such materials are not capable of spontaneous combustion or ignition.
• All other materials that can ignite from fire and subsequently maintain combustion are classified as combustible.

Snip brickwork of walls and partitions: what to look for
Standards for the thickness of non-combustible sheets.

Scope of use

In the recent past, such materials were mainly used as protective screens against fires, limiting potentially dangerous areas or cutting off the combustion sector. The most popular material here is drywall. Currently, thanks to the use of modern technologies, non-combustible materials for wall decoration are produced with the highest aesthetic qualities, which are practically no different in appearance from natural, elite materials. Such as wood, cork or bamboo. (See also the article What is the best way to decorate walls in a country house.) In private houses and apartments, non-combustible finishing materials for walls are used less frequently, with the exception of kitchens or open balconies. But in cafes, offices or nightclubs this type of decoration prevails

After all, in these places there is a risk of fire and, what is also important, the fire inspector will have fewer complaints against the owners.

Non-flammable finishing of a nightclub.

The installation area directly depends on the thickness of the panel; for ceilings, sheets of 3–4 mm are used. The panel with a thickness of 5 - 8 mm can be mounted both on walls and on the ceiling. For partitions, a sheet of 6–10 mm is taken. Sheets of 10 mm or more are used for finishing floors, facades, window sills, etc. (See also the article Features of finishing the facade of a house made of aerated concrete.)

Classification of non-combustible panels

According to the degree of flammability, products can be classified as follows:

1. Non-flammable. This can be called a product that ignites under the direct influence of an open flame, but will not react in any way to a spark, high temperature or a chemical reaction.
2. Fire resistant. Such surface finishing panels can resist flames for a certain period of time. By themselves they do not ignite or burn.
3. Flammable. These are finishing products that support combustion.

Ideally, buy fire-resistant or non-combustible materials, even though they are the most expensive. This ensures that the fire will not spread.

Fireproof or fireproof building materials

GOST 31939-2012 (iso 3251:2008) paint and varnish materials. determination of the mass fraction of non-volatile substances

What is fire retardant material?
Fire-resistant, fire-resistant or fire-resistant material
is a material that, after undergoing chemical treatment, has certain physical properties that allow such material not to ignite instantly, but to hold and prevent the expansion of fire, while naturally reducing the likelihood of a fire in the room where such material is used .

A very important issue from the point of view of arrangement for safe work and not only

The importance of creating a fireproof room cannot be overestimated. So the main negative characteristics of building materials:

• Smoke formation
• Flammability
• Flammability
• Toxicity

Also, all materials are divided into two main types, if we speak in the context of arranging a boiler room: flammable and non-flammable. We are interested in non-flammable or fire-resistant materials.

Flammability of building materials according to GOST

The behavior of building materials during a fire and their belonging to fire safety classes are regulated at the legislative level. According to GOST 30244-94 “Construction materials. Combustibility test methods" they are divided into 2 groups:

• non-flammable (NG),
• flammable (flammability groups G1-G4).

Non-flammable building materials include those that do not burn in air: concrete, ceramic, porcelain stoneware, clay, silicate, fiber cement products, inorganic glass, metal alloys, etc. Other building materials are considered flammable and are divided into 4 groups: G1, G2, G3 and G4. They differ in the proportion of damage, the ability to extinguish on their own and the temperature of the smoke:

• G1 - low-flammable, self-extinguishing building materials. They do not burn on their own. During research, damage by weight is no more than 20%, along length - by a maximum of 65%. Flue gas temperature does not exceed 135℃.
• G2 - moderately flammable materials that do not support combustion. Without exposure to a direct fire source, they extinguish within 30 seconds. Smoke temperature - up to 235 ℃. Damage by weight cannot be more than 50%.
• G3 - normally combustible materials. They burn on their own for less than 5 minutes. No more than 50% of the sample mass is damaged. The maximum flue gas temperature rises to 450℃.
• G4 - highly flammable materials. Burn without exposure to a direct fire source for more than 5 minutes. The temperature of the flue gases exceeds 450 ℃, and the damage by weight is 50% or more.

The flammability group is assigned by specialized organizations that conduct laboratory and field research. The result is indicated in the fire safety compliance certificate. You can request a certificate from the manufacturer or supplier of building materials - they must have originals or copies.

How fire danger is measured

Methodological materials on life safety

According to GOST standards on the fire hazard of materials, all products for construction are divided into several categories. There are only two main groups: combustible (G) and non-combustible (NG) materials. Non-combustible products (natural stone, cement, glass) do not smolder or burn, therefore they are considered as a single group. But materials from category “G” are divided into subgroups according to a number of characteristics:

• Flammability (four groups from G1 to G4);
• Speed ​​of fire spread over the surface of the material (RP1-RP4);
• Flammability (B1-B3);
• Smoke formation (D1-D3);
• Toxicity (T1-T4).

Materials marked G4, E4, D3 and RP4 are the most dangerous in a fire - they quickly flare up and completely burn out, releasing acrid smoke and harmful toxins that can cause poisoning or death.

What does fire resistance rating mean?

Fire resistance determines the extent to which a material promotes the spread of fire. Within the framework of the European classification of materials for fire resistance (EN 13501-1 standard), their:

• flammability;
• heat release rate;
• flame propagation speed;
• amount of smoke secreted;
• the presence of burning drops/particles, as well as a combination of all of the above qualities.

As we have already seen above, materials classified as non-flammable are most often made on the basis of mineral substances, asbestos, magnesium, clay, gypsum, and so on. In this aspect, it is very important to use products from brands that specialize specifically in the production of fire-resistant materials and have developed their own technologies. This is the only way you can be 100% sure that the material you choose will not fail in the event of a fire.

Sheet and slab NG materials

Sheet and slab materials can be insulators, insulation materials, non-combustible panels for interior decoration and other types of building materials. Today, the list of such products has thousands of items. Here are the most popular NG materials produced in slabs and sheets:

• Cement particle boards. This NG material is used for constructing building frames, leveling floors, constructing partitions and other purposes. They cut perfectly and are resistant not only to temperatures and fire, but also to moisture.
• Decorative wall panels FIREPROTEC YPL. Environmentally friendly panels created on the basis of gypsum particle board can be used even in preschool institutions. They are characterized by high fire safety and aesthetic parameters.
• Impact board. This is a non-flammable panel, covered on top with HPL, which belongs to the group of flame-retardant materials. The ends of the panels are also protected. The board has high aesthetic parameters, including the texture of valuable wood species. It is hygienic, fire-resistant, moisture-resistant, and environmentally friendly. It can be installed in preschool educational institutions, sports facilities, and public places.
• PVTN. These vermiculite boards can be used in hot industries, such as in a metallurgical workshop. In addition to their basic properties, they are moisture resistant and have low thermal conductivity. They are used for arranging cable routes and protecting banks and archives from fires.
• Fire-resistant GVL. This is the familiar drywall, but it has fire-resistant properties. It holds the fire for half an hour. These sheets are gray in color and easy to process.
• Fiberboards. This is a product made using wood fiber pressing technology. Cement and a special binder are added to it, which makes the slabs non-flammable and resistant to biological factors. The slabs have a two or three-layer structure. It is quite easy to cut, creates good acoustics, and is attached to structures with self-tapping screws.
• SKL panels. They are made from calcium silicate raw materials. They are light and durable, environmentally friendly. SKL are used for finishing any premises, including baths and swimming pools. They are characterized by ductility and can withstand heavy bending loads.
• Gypsum fiber sheets. NG material is made from cellulose waste paper by pressing in a semi-dry state. It has high technical and operational properties: strength, moisture resistance, ability to withstand heavy loads, low cost. They are used to line walls, make suspended ceilings, and level floors.
• Oriented strand board. It is produced from shavings and adhesive resin through high-pressure pressing. Thickness varies from 6 mm to 3 centimeters. OSB is durable; in terms of this indicator, it is 3 times higher than MDF and chipboard. With such indicators, NG material is very flexible, so it is often used for cladding bay windows, attics, verandas and gazebos. OPS is in high demand in suburban low-rise construction.

An example of installing fireproof boards before installing a stove

Non-combustible wall panels, installation work

The work is not difficult, but it requires following some instructions and recommendations. The scheme is as follows:

1. Installation is carried out on the sheathing. After all, non-flammable products are almost no different from their flammable counterparts. Therefore, no special technology is needed here. The only difference is that during installation, non-combustible slabs are attached to a non-combustible sheathing. There is an option for fixing products without creating a sheathing. Then the products are attached to a perfectly flat wall using heat-resistant glue using self-tapping screws.
2. You can often find the option that non-flammable panels for interior wall decoration are fixed onto profiles shaped like the letter P. They are also made of metal. Sheets of drywall are fixed using self-tapping screws, the cap is slightly recessed into the sheet and then puttied.
3. As for the installation of products with a finishing layer on the surface, the use of self-tapping screws is allowed, but metal clamps are best suited. This way, hidden installation is carried out, the surface is not damaged and does not lose its decorative appeal. The guides are fixed in increments of 50–60 cm.

There are manufacturers who produce non-flammable decorative panels for walls and special aluminum guides that simplify installation.

This way you can install non-flammable panels in a house, apartment or any other room. If you have no skills in such work, then it is better to use the services of professionals. The panels will protect against unforeseen circumstances and will last for decades.

Compliance of materials with fire safety classes

It is better to purchase flooring in specialized stores or retail outlets of the manufacturer, where you can ask for a fire certificate for the flooring, which will indicate the above indicators. As we have already said, the listed set of fire safety factors were compiled into classes (CM) and below we will analyze what indicators are included in different classes and list the floor coverings corresponding to them.

• Class KM-0 is assigned to gypsum or cement mortars, since the non-combustible base for the floor covering guarantees the integrity of the building structure when exposed to fire.
• Class KM-1 is considered fireproof and corresponds to the indicators G1, V1, D1, T1, RP1. These materials include natural stone, ceramic tiles, porcelain stoneware, brick.
• Class KM-2 is low-hazard and corresponds to the indicators G1, V1, D2, T2, RP1. These materials include special non-flammable linoleum and self-leveling polymer coatings.

Linoleum is one of the oldest and most common floor coverings classified as construction and finishing materials. This material has received well-deserved recognition from both construction specialists and ordinary citizens who experience its benefits in the process of using it.

There are different approaches to classifying this flooring. Every day the linoleum manufacturing process is being improved and becomes more technologically advanced. Thanks to the use of new technologies, new collections of linoleum with a number of distinctive features and properties are emerging.

Non-flammable linoleum

One of the varieties of new generation linoleum is non-flammable linoleum of the Spetsstrol brand. This linoleum is also called fireproof. Spetsstrol is a unique development of Russian scientists, which currently has no analogues in the world. Let's try to find out what kind of coating it is, what advantages and unique properties it has.

Purpose of non-flammable linoleum

Non-flammable linoleum

Spetsstrol (most often called commercial linoleum) is a special multi-layer floor covering intended for rooms where the use of other floor coverings is unacceptable due to fire and sanitary safety requirements. It is produced in rolls, like other types of linoleum. Its innovation is that it consists of 5 layers, each of which performs a specific function (from the first to the fifth): protective film, color pattern, backing layer, provision of physical and mechanical properties, water and moisture repellency.

Advantages of non-flammable linoleum

• Uniqueness - this material combines the following properties: fire safety, wear resistance, non-toxic, environmentally friendly, 5-layer, antistatic.
• Excellent consumer properties - efficiency, durability, aesthetics, beautiful color design. Long service life (up to 25-30 years) with proper use. Easy to lay on the floor surface, does not require special treatment, you can use the welding of seams either in the “cold” way (using special glue) or by hot cord welding (using special equipment). The process of gluing to the floor is carried out using PVC linoleum glue.
• Non-toxic.
• A profitable replacement for expensive floor coverings: ceramic tiles, laminate, parquet.
• Practicality - traces of discarded and unextinguished cigarette butts, fats and solvents are not visible on it. An excellent opportunity for use in cafes, bars, restrooms in enterprises.
• Antistatic – antistatic protection helps reduce the adhesion of dust and dirt.
• Hygiene - the ingredients included in linoleum are harmless to humans, which allows the coating to come into contact with food. This prevents the proliferation of pathogenic microbes, helps lower cholesterol levels in the blood, and reduces the risk of allergic diseases.
• Wear resistance – the top protective film contributes to high wear resistance, extending the service life of the product.

There are three types of non-flammable linoleum Spetsstrol: Spetsstrol-L, Spetsstrol-O, Spetsstrol-S.

The use of non-flammable linoleum made using new technology is a guarantee and safety of life. Try using this flooring and evaluate the result.

Non-combustible materials are very popular today, since fire safety remains the most important indicator in the construction of any house

Both global and domestic manufacturers pay close attention to the fire resistance of their products

It is well known that in the event of a fire, the greatest danger to human life is not the flame itself, but the combustion products of materials used in construction or repair. That is why, for example, partitions made of non-combustible materials have recently been used more and more often.

Reason #6. Lack of light or direct sunlight

gardeningknowhow.com

Incorrect placement can also cause leaf tips to turn black. Moreover, both too bright light (direct sunlight) and lack of lighting lead to a similar result.

When trying to understand why the leaves of flowers dry out, it doesn’t hurt to analyze whether direct sunlight burns the plant. This provokes the appearance of not only brown tips, but also entire spots. This phenomenon occurs especially often after spraying on a sunny day.

Yellowing due to lack of light looks different. It manifests itself as an uneven loss of color and may be accompanied by the dropping of leaves (hibiscus behaves this way most often).

• Find out which window (north, east, southwest, etc.) the flower prefers to grow on, and try to find a suitable place for it.
• If it is not possible to place the pot on a bright window, get an additional lamp. This can be a special phytolamp or a regular fluorescent one.
• If the leaf tips are turning yellow on only one side of the flower, try rotating the pot from time to time to ensure all shoots receive enough light.
• Protect the plant from bright sunlight using blinds or regular cardboard (its size should correspond to the height of the flower), which should be placed between the window and the flower pot during the daytime.

Types of non-combustible wall products

Manufacturers are developing to produce modern products that meet all requirements. This gives consumers choice. In particular, these are the following options:

1. SKL.
2. LSU.
3. GKLO.
4. Fireproof ceilings.

Let's consider each of them separately.

SKL products

The product is made from calcium silicate filler. The peculiarity of the material is its lightness and strength. Natural raw materials are used as filler. If it heats up, it does not release toxic elements harmful to health. SKL products are not afraid of direct contact with water and high humidity in the room; they do not contain gypsum or other hydrophobic materials.

Similar decorative boards are often used in offices or similar buildings. They cover the ceiling of the room, walls and even the floor. They can often be seen on the facades and plinths of premises, because the products can withstand the negative influence of the street.

The material has excellent resistance to ignition, so it is popular not only in private housing construction. For finishing fireplaces, Russian baths or stoves, this is an indispensable option. Along with excellent strength properties, the panels are elastic. Sound insulation is excellent (up to 44 dB). Most of the models produced do not require professional skills from the master for installation. Even an amateur can handle the job. Thanks to this you can save money.

The sheets can have a fine finish; there is no need to waste money and time on additional manipulations. Non-flammable panels are treated with antibacterial substances. They are not afraid of either fungus or mold colonies.

SML products

The product is based on glass-magnesite material made from magnesium oxide and special additives. The slabs are rigid due to reinforcement with a double layer of fiberglass. The characteristics and scope of use of LSU panels are practically the same as those of the previous version, however, their strength is much greater.

This is why non-combustible panels are popular for cladding areas with increased mechanical stress. Typically, non-flammable SML panels are used in the form of flooring or roofing finishing material.

Important! If we talk about decorative qualities, then SML is just as good as SCL sheets. Thanks to antiseptic additives, mold and mildew will not appear on the surface

Thanks to antiseptic additives, mold and mildew will not appear on the surface.

GKLO products

Despite the unusual name, everyone knows this material. These are plasterboard sheets, or rather, analogs that are fire-resistant. The material can withstand the influence of an open flame for 20 minutes.

If we talk about fireproof qualities and other characteristics (moisture protection, strength, durability, resistance to temperature fluctuations), then gypsum board panels are inferior to the previous two options. But a clear advantage is the price of the products. The sheets do not have a finishing coating, so additional manipulations are required. You can cover the sheets with wallpaper, decorative putty, tiles or paint.

Fireproof ceilings

We are talking about suspended pilot structures, which are made of materials that do not support combustion. Often the ceiling is lined with LSU. In addition, the suspended ceiling is equipped with a fire compensator, which improves resistance to open flames.

Types of materials that are used to create ceiling panels:

1. The most accessible is SML. Panels are mounted on the ceiling, the thickness of which is 6 or 8 mm. If necessary, non-combustible panels can be repainted in the chosen color.
2. Armstrong is a type of fireproof material that is produced by a leading brand. It is a light weight slab made of mineral fibers and ceramic chips. There are several models that differ from each other in appearance. The finished ceiling is distinguished by the fact that it is not afraid of moisture, mold and bacteria. They are often used in educational institutions because they do not harm health.
3. Escapade. Products made from LSU that are not afraid of open fire. Thickness 3–6 mm. The panels are made of two layers, the standard size is 60x60 cm.
4. Vulcan panels. Country of origin: Germany. Mineral fiber mixed with perlite, starch and ceramics is used for production. Outwardly they are very reminiscent of Armstrong. Product dimensions: 60x60 cm, 60x120 cm. Thickness is 1.5 cm. Area of ​​use: crowded areas.

When installing ceilings, it is important that not only the ceiling material itself is fireproof and non-flammable, but also the frame, suspended structures and other elements. This is the only way to ensure flame protection at the highest level.

Varieties according to production material

There is a considerable variety of materials on the market for creating non-combustible panels for wall decoration. The following article discusses the main common options.

Gypsum vinyl fireproof

Gypsum vinyl finishing panels or gypsum vinyl plus cardboard is a sheet product, a significant part of which consists of a non-flammable gypsum layer. This is a supporting layer, which is lined with sheets of cardboard on both sides, after which its front side is wrapped in a special decorative and protective vinyl film.

This material is in many ways similar to traditional drywall, with the only difference being the presence of a decorative vinyl layer on the face.

Decorative glass-magnesite for interior cladding

Glass-magnesite sheet is based on magnesium oxide and special additives. Additional rigidity of this sheet is provided by double fiberglass reinforcement. The sheet is quite rigid and durable, and therefore is used in places where technical data is more important than aesthetic qualities. This type of panel contains an antiseptic, which makes it possible to use it both in external and internal work.

Non-flammable wall panels for interior decoration

Non-combustible wall materials are used in rooms that really need a fire-resistant coating. Non-flammable panels are created on the basis of a sheet of heat-resistant glass-magnesium in combination with durable high-pressure plastic.

The composition of glass-magnesium sheet includes: volcanic glass, dolomite, natural magnesite, magnesium oxychloride.

High-strength, high-pressure plastic is made from cellulose, which is impregnated with synthetic thermosetting resins.

Aluminum decorative

Aluminum decorative products for decorating both external and internal surfaces can be manufactured using various technologies and with the addition of impurities. Depending on the operating mode, a choice of different types of aluminum panels is offered.

Preparing the soil for potato seedlings

The soil for potato seedlings should be loose, water- and breathable, that is, approximately the following composition: to 6 parts of turf soil or 4 parts of high-moor peat add 2 parts of garden soil and 1 part of sand. The ingredients are thoroughly mixed, the soil mixture is spilled to protect against soil fungi with a solution of Trichodermin or Fitosporin-M, prepared in accordance with the instructions, and 10-15 g of Nitrophoska is added for every 10 kg of substrate. Biological products Trichodermin and Fitosporin have the property of not only destroying pathogens, but also promoting the proliferation of microflora beneficial to plants. After treatment with biological products and application of fertilizer, the soil mixture is thoroughly mixed again and dried at room temperature.

Determination of criteria for flammability of materials

Speaking about fireproof finishing, you should have an idea of ​​the criteria according to which the flammability group of materials is determined. Such evaluation parameters include the following factors:

• toxicity of substances released during combustion;
• the rate of ignition of materials and the spread of fire;
• the ability to maintain a fire in an oxygen-free environment, that is, the ability to quickly extinguish the flame by blocking the access of oxygen to it.

A truly high-quality material must receive the highest ratings for all three criteria and only then is it classified as fire-resistant. However, on store shelves you often find panels labeled as low-flammability. Next, we'll look at how to make the right choice.

The very name of the non-combustible finishing material indicates that the panels should not be subject to destructive changes under the influence of open fire, various chemical reactions and be resistant to high heating temperatures. In such extreme conditions, there should be no release of by-product gaseous substances that pose a danger to human health. All other panels, which are marked “G1”, “G2”, “G3” and “G4”, are combustible finishing materials. The designation is determined by increasing their resistance to fire. For example, the last two groups “G3” and “G4” are frankly fire hazardous and are not acceptable for interior decoration in accordance with current standards.

Low- and moderately flammable decorative boards, as a rule, ignite not only from an open flame, but also from severe overheating. However, the material used for their production or coating does not support combustion and prevents the spread of fire. Thus, they can be called self-extinguishing. This category of finishing materials includes wood-fiber and particle boards (fibreboard and chipboard).

Resting-place

A lounge area will be conveniently located within the free space. Using high-quality finishing materials, textiles and decor, you can create a magnificent, cozy, stylish corner in which you can relax, read, chat with friends, listen to music and just dream about something. For maximum comfort, you should consider lighting modes and, possibly, provide built-in musical equipment, niches or shelves for placing books or other items, depending on the hobbies and preferences of the owners. The location next to a window with a beautiful view will make the area absolutely magical.

Even the idea of ​​placing a mini-bedroom under the stairs is realized.

Fireproof mineralite slabs

This material is characterized by high heat resistance and is made only from environmentally friendly substances:

• white/gray cement - up to 90% of the total material;
• mineral fibrous materials;
• Fibers reinforcing the slabs - give the slabs durability and strength.

The composition does not contain asbestos fibers, making these fire-resistant high-temperature boards suitable for home ovens. The slabs are quickly mounted on the wall using screws to the wall itself. To ensure higher reliability of the structure, you can install two sheets of minirite.

When installing, you need to leave a small distance, because When heated, the material may expand slightly.

Wall finishing with fire-resistant mineralite slabs

Characteristics of non-combustible thermal insulation materials

Before talking about specific types of insulation that modern manufacturers propose to use for walls and floors, let's dwell on the criteria by which a particular heat insulator belongs to the class of non-combustible. Non-combustible insulation, fire-resistant insulation meets the following criteria:

• combustion with a visible flame can last no more than 10 seconds, i.e. the material may ignite, but combustion should not
• exceed the specified time;
• when burning, the temperature of the material should not exceed +50 degrees Celsius;
• When burning, the heat insulator should not lose more than 50% of its weight.

Now let's look at the main non-combustible insulation materials for floors, ceilings and walls.

Siding for the Alta-Profile facade: flammable or non-flammable material?

Vinyl siding "Alta-Profile" (photo No. 6)

Alta-Profile vinyl siding has passed all the necessary tests and has the following fire safety indicators:

• Group of moderately flammable materials (G2),
• Group moderately flammable (B2),
• Group with moderate smoke-generating ability (D2),
• Combustion product toxicity group: T2,
• Fire hazard class of building materials: KM3.

Let's decipher it. It is incorrect to say that vinyl siding is a fire-resistant material. However, it does not support combustion and produces moderate amounts of smoke and toxic substances. This type of finish can be used for a home if reasonable fire safety precautions are taken. Certificates of conformity for all Alta-Profile products are available from the manufacturer. You can view their copies on the website or request from a regional representative in your region.

Foam glass - what is the difference and how is it used

An equally worthy option is non-flammable thermal insulation based on foam glass (cellular glass). Visually, the material resembles frozen soap foam with a special porous surface.

It is produced by sintering glass chips with a gas-forming agent, usually coal.

Compared to the main advantages of the material, the disadvantages seem insignificant. These include instability to mechanical damage and high weight.

It is advisable to use foam glass for insulating basement walls that are not subject to mechanical damage. The service life of the material declared by the manufacturer is more than one hundred years.

Advantages

When making a comparison between non-combustible materials and traditional products, a number of differences can be seen.

Among the advantages the following points can be noted:

• they are safe in their composition;
• do not burn, which means they do not emit smoke or harmful substances;
• have increased strength;
• significant resistance to mechanical damage;
• moisture-resistant material;
• not susceptible to mold and fungi;
• panels make it possible to level the surface, hiding its defects;
• the coating is not exposed to aggressive environments;
• high aesthetic qualities;
• durability.

Application area

Non-flammable and low-flammable insulating materials are used for thermal insulation of premises both inside and outside. They are placed in the gap between the main wall and the finishing and fixed. The method of installation and fastening depends on the type of insulation.

Inside

Thermal insulation materials of the NG group are used for internal insulation of premises when covering walls with plasterboard or gypsum fiber sheets, and installing interior partitions. The insulation is placed inside the frame - between the main and false walls or between the sides of the partition.

Outside

Non-combustible insulation is used for finishing external walls in the following cases:

1. Thermal insulation using “wet facade” technology. Plaster is applied over the slab insulation attached to the walls with special glue. The dried layer is painted or covered with a decorative plaster mixture.
2. Installation of ventilated facades. The insulation is attached to the wall with umbrella dowels under the frame, onto which the selected type of facing material is hung.
3. Brick façade finishing. The material is fixed or poured into the gap between the main and decorative walls.

A few recommendations

When choosing fireproof insulation, first of all pay attention to the place of its application. For insulating foundations, non-mineral materials such as foam glass, polystyrene foam or polyurethane foam are more suitable.

When insulating roofs and facades of buildings, preference is given to basalt wool with a density of about 140 kg/m3.

The environmental friendliness of the material is also taken into account. If the house is still under construction, it is better to insulate the external walls with expanded clay, perlite or vermiculite. In old buildings this is not always possible, so glass wool or spray foam is used.

Properly selected insulation will protect the structure from destruction and significantly reduce the cost of heating the house in the winter months. Don't go after cheap prices. It is better to purchase high-quality materials from large companies with a good reputation. In this case, they will last for several decades and will fully cope with their functions.

Main areas of application of non-combustible panels

Today, fire protection panels for walls are used for both interior and exterior decoration of premises and buildings, regardless of their purpose. This kind of finishing is typical for both residential and non-residential buildings. Common options are:

• living rooms, studio rooms to give the room a minimalist effect, which is popular in the modern world;
• hallways, corridors, kitchens. As a rule, the lower half of the room is covered to prevent damage to the walls from mechanical stress;
• children's rooms. Explained by the presence of bright colors and ease of care;
• public places with large crowds of people. Not only an attractive interior design solution is provided, but also safety.

In addition to walls, non-combustible panels are used for finishing ceilings, slopes, and arched elements. This is explained by the ability to hide irregularities without performing additional manipulations. An interesting option for use is also the manufacture of individual furniture elements, the design of fireplaces or podiums.

Where are they used?

• Previously, such panels were not used for cladding; they were used as fire-resistant screens when a fire had already occurred. The panels cut off dangerous areas and limited the further spread of fire. Most often, drywall was used for such purposes.
• At the moment, finishing non-combustible panels are produced using the latest technologies. At the same time, the aesthetic qualities of these materials are no worse than their conventional analogs; the structure of the panels is almost no different from natural wood.

Fire resistant panels for interior decoration

• Non-combustible materials are rarely used for finishing interior surfaces in private houses, country houses and city apartments. Often such panels are used to decorate balconies, less often - kitchens. Much more often, fire-resistant materials are used in offices, commercial premises, restaurants and cafes, and night clubs. In these places, the risk of fire is much higher than in a residential building. In addition, the presence of fire-resistant cladding saves you from unnecessary claims from fire inspectors.
• Depending on the thickness of the panels, they are used on walls or ceilings. Lighter sheets are better suited for ceilings - 3-4 mm, you can use panels 5-8 mm thick, this material can be used to decorate not only the ceiling, but also the walls. If you need to make partitions, 6-10 mm panels are used. Sheets thicker than 1 cm are used for external cladding and as flooring.